Financial Key Performance Indicators
% |
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2025 |
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2024 |
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20231 |
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20222 |
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2021 |
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Volkswagen Group |
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Gross margin |
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15.9 |
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18.3 |
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18.9 |
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18.7 |
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18.9 |
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Personnel expense ratio |
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15.2 |
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15.3 |
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15.4 |
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16.8 |
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17.5 |
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Operating return on sales |
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2.8 |
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5.9 |
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7.0 |
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7.9 |
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7.7 |
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Return on sales before tax |
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2.9 |
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5.2 |
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7.2 |
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7.9 |
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8.0 |
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Return on sales after tax |
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2.1 |
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3.8 |
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5.5 |
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5.7 |
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6.2 |
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Equity ratio |
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31.5 |
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31.1 |
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31.5 |
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31.6 |
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27.6 |
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Automotive Division3 |
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Change in unit sales year-on-year4 |
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−0.2 |
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−3.5 |
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+10.4 |
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−1.1 |
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−6.3 |
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Change in sales revenue year-on-year |
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−0.1 |
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−1.2 |
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+15.4 |
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+12.7 |
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+13.3 |
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Operating return on sales |
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1.8 |
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5.6 |
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7.0 |
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7.1 |
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6.4 |
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EBITDA (in € million)5 |
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32,102 |
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37,967 |
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36,472 |
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37,325 |
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31,609 |
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Return on investment (ROI)6 |
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4.8 |
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9.9 |
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12.3 |
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12.0 |
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10.4 |
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Cash flows from operating activities as a percentage of sales revenue |
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10.8 |
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11.8 |
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14.1 |
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12.9 |
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15.7 |
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Cash flows from investing activities attributable to operating activities as a percentage of sales revenue |
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8.6 |
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10.0 |
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10.1 |
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10.8 |
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11.5 |
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Net liquidity as a percentage of sales revenue |
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10.7 |
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10.6 |
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12.5 |
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15.4 |
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10.7 |
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Ratio of capex to sales revenue in % |
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5.1 |
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5.8 |
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5.4 |
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5.5 |
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5.1 |
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Research and development costs as a percentage of sales revenue |
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6.7 |
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7.2 |
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8.1 |
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8.1 |
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7.6 |
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Automotive investment ratio |
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11.8 |
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13.0 |
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13.5 |
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13.6 |
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12.6 |
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Cash conversion rate |
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122.1 |
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31.8 |
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57.1 |
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29.2 |
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65.1 |
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Equity ratio |
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43.0 |
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41.7 |
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47.5 |
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45.1 |
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40.1 |
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Financial Services Division |
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Increase in total assets7 |
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+2.9 |
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+6.2 |
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+12.0 |
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+2.6 |
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+5.6 |
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Return on equity before tax8 |
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7.4 |
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6.8 |
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8.8 |
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14.1 |
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17.3 |
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Equity ratio |
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14.2 |
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14.4 |
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14.8 |
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16.1 |
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14.5 |
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